Diagnosis & Support for ADHD Children and Adults

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition that affects children, adolescents, and often persists into adulthood. ADHD is characterised by differences in attention, impulsivity, and activity levels, which can impact school, relationships, and daily life.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition (DSM-5) is the standard tool used by professionals to define ADHD. While the DSM-5 provides detailed diagnostic criteria, this guide summarises key information for parents seeking to understand ADHD in their child or adolescent.

ADHD Presentations

ADHD typically presents in three forms:

1. Hyperactive/Impulsive
2. Inattentive
3. Combined/ Mixed – featuring both hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive behaviours

For a diagnosis in children or adolescents under 17, at least six out of nine behaviours in either category must be present, observed in two or more settings, lasting at least six months, and inconsistent with typical development. For the mixed presentation, criteria must be met for both domains.

Typical Behaviours in Hyperactive/Impulsive ADHD

• Physical movement: fidgeting, restlessness, difficulty staying seated, climbing or running inappropriately, constantly “on the go”
• Social style: talking excessively, blurting out answers, interrupting conversations, struggling to wait their turn, limited social regulation

Typical Behaviours in Inattentive ADHD

• Attention and focus: difficulty maintaining attention, careless mistakes, easily distracted
• Learning and organisation: disorganised schoolwork, avoids sustained tasks, forgets daily responsibilities, loses important items

ADHD Across the Lifespan

ADHD is not only a childhood condition. Many adults experience persistent symptoms such as difficulty focusing, impulsivity, or hyperactivity. For some, a diagnosis provides clarity and validation, often followed by discussions with a GP or specialist regarding potential treatment options.

For children, ADHD can significantly affect academic performance and social relationships, with up to a third also experiencing co-occurring learning disabilities (e.g., dyslexia or Specific Learning Disorders).

How is ADHD Diagnosed?

Diagnosis requires input from a specialist psychiatrist, paediatrician, or trained psychologist. Key elements of assessment include:

• Developmental history: Symptoms must have been present before age 7
• Behaviour across settings: Observations at home and school
• Impact assessment: Understanding how ADHD affects social, academic, and daily functioning
• Exclusion of other conditions: Symptoms must not be explained by another medical or psychological condition

Assessment often involves interviews, rating scales (e.g., Conners 3), teacher and parent reports, and clinic observations. At CBT Professionals, we integrate all available information to provide a comprehensive report with suggested interventions for home and school settings.

Support and Interventions

Parents play a critical role in helping children with ADHD. Strategies include:

• Structured routines and organisation support
• Clear communication and positive reinforcement
• Social skills and emotional regulation coaching
• Collaboration with teachers and school staff

Professional support from a child psychologist can help children develop confidence, resilience, and coping strategies. While medication may be recommended for some, decisions should be made with a medical professional such as a paediatrician or child psychiatrist.

Importantly, children are educated about their ADHD, helping them understand their strengths and challenges, which often reduces stress and builds self-awareness.

Call to Action

If you are concerned your child may have ADHD, download our Referral Fact Sheet and take it to your GP to discuss a consultation with a psychologist experienced in ADHD assessments.

At CBT Professionals, our team, including Professor Jeff Bailey, combines expertise in psychology and education to provide thorough assessments and tailored support plans. Contact us today to learn how we can help your child thrive.

FAQs 

What is ADHD in children and adolescents?

ADHD is a neurodevelopmental condition affecting attention, impulsivity, and activity levels, impacting learning and social interactions.

What are the signs of ADHD?

Symptoms vary by presentation but may include inattention, hyperactivity, impulsivity, disorganisation, forgetfulness, and difficulty following instructions.

Who can diagnose ADHD?

Specialist psychiatrists, paediatricians, or psychologists trained in ADHD assessment.

Can adults have ADHD?

Yes. ADHD often persists into adulthood, with symptoms such as difficulty focusing, impulsivity, and restlessness affecting daily life.

How is ADHD treated?

Treatment may involve behavioural strategies, parent and teacher support, therapy, and in some cases, medication, under professional guidance.

Does ADHD co-occur with learning difficulties?

Yes. Up to a third of children with ADHD may have co-occurring learning disorders like dyslexia or Specific Learning Disabilities.